Signs You Might Have a Cavity (and What to Do About It)
Cavities are one of the most common oral health problems, affecting people of all ages. They develop when bacteria in your mouth produce acids that erode tooth enamel, leading to tooth decay. If left untreated, cavities can cause pain, infections, and even tooth loss.
The good news is that cavities are preventable and treatable, but early detection is key. Recognizing the warning signs of a cavity can help you take action before the damage worsens. Here’s what to look out for and what you should do if you suspect you have a cavity.
What Causes Cavities
Cavities, also known as dental caries, form when plaque—a sticky film of bacteria—builds up on your teeth. When you consume sugary or starchy foods, bacteria in the plaque produce acids that weaken and erode the enamel. Over time, this damage creates small holes or pits in the tooth, which are cavities.
Several factors contribute to cavity formation:
- Poor oral hygiene habits, such as infrequent brushing and flossing
- Frequent consumption of sugary and acidic foods and drinks
- Dry mouth (lack of saliva), which reduces the mouth’s ability to wash away bacteria
- Lack of fluoride, which strengthens enamel and protects against decay
- Deep grooves in teeth that trap food and bacteria
- Grinding your teeth (bruxism), which can wear down enamel over time
Understanding these risk factors can help you take preventive measures and maintain better oral health.
Common Signs You Might Have a Cavity
Tooth Sensitivity to Hot, Cold, or Sweets
If you experience a sharp or lingering pain when drinking something hot or cold, or when eating sugary foods, you might have a cavity. Sensitivity occurs when decay weakens the enamel, exposing the softer dentin layer underneath, which contains tiny nerve endings.
Toothache or Spontaneous Pain
A persistent or occasional toothache can be an early sign of a cavity. The pain may be mild or severe and can come and go without warning. This occurs when decay irritates the nerves inside the tooth.
Visible Holes, Pits, or Dark Spots on Teeth
Cavities start as small white spots on the enamel and can progress into brown or black discoloration. If left untreated, they can develop into visible holes or pits in the tooth. You might notice these changes when looking in the mirror or while brushing your teeth.
Pain When Chewing or Biting
If you feel discomfort or pressure when biting down, it could be a sign that a cavity is affecting the inner layers of your tooth. The pain may be more noticeable when eating crunchy or sticky foods.
Bad Breath or a Persistent Bad Taste
Cavities can trap food particles and bacteria, leading to persistent bad breath (halitosis) or a bad taste in your mouth. Even with regular brushing, these symptoms may persist if decay is present.
Swollen or Bleeding Gums Around a Tooth
While cavities primarily affect the tooth, they can also cause irritation in the surrounding gums. If you notice swelling, redness, or occasional bleeding around a specific tooth, decay near the gumline may be the cause.
What to Do If You Have a Cavity
Schedule a Dental Checkup
Cavities do not heal on their own, so professional treatment is necessary to prevent further damage. If you suspect you have a cavity, schedule an appointment with a trusted dentist in Chicago. Early treatment can help prevent more serious complications, such as infections or the need for a root canal.
Treatment Options for Cavities
Depending on the severity of the cavity, your dentist may recommend one of the following treatments:
- Fluoride treatment for early-stage cavities to help remineralize the enamel
- Dental fillings to remove decayed material and restore the tooth’s structure
Crowns for larger cavities that have weakened the tooth - Root canal therapy if the decay has reached the inner pulp of the tooth
- Tooth extraction in severe cases where the tooth cannot be saved
Improve Your Oral Hygiene Routine
To prevent future cavities and protect your existing dental work, follow a strong oral hygiene routine:
- Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste
- Floss daily to remove plaque between teeth
- Use an antibacterial mouthwash to reduce bacteria
- Limit sugary and acidic foods that contribute to decay
- Drink plenty of water to wash away food particles and bacteria
Schedule Regular Dental Checkups
Visiting a dentist every six months allows for early cavity detection and prevention. Regular cleanings remove plaque buildup that brushing alone cannot reach, helping to keep your teeth and gums healthy.
Final Thoughts
Cavities are common but preventable. If you experience any of the signs mentioned above, it’s important to take action as soon as possible. Delaying treatment can lead to bigger dental problems, including infections and tooth loss. Booking an appointment with a dentist is the best way to diagnose and treat cavities before they worsen.
Taking care of your teeth today can save you from more extensive and costly treatments in the future. If you suspect you have a cavity, don’t wait—seek professional dental care to protect your oral health.
